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1.
Genet. mol. biol ; 40(2): 480-490, Apr.-June 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-892413

ABSTRACT

Abstract The barley HvAACT1 gene codes for a citrate transporter associated with tolerance to acidic soil. In this report, we describe a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the HvAACT1 coding region that was detected as T-1,198 (in genotypes with lower root growth on acidic soil) or G-1,198 (greater root growth) and resulted in a single amino acid change (L/V-172). Molecular dynamic analysis predicted that HvAACT1 proteins with L or V-172 were stable, although the substitution led to structural changes within the protein. To evaluate the effect of the SNP on tolerance to acidic soil, barley accessions were separated into haplotypes based on the presence of a 1 kb insertion in the HvAACT1 promoter and a 21 bp insertion/deletion. These markers and the SNP-1,198 allowed the identification of five haplotypes. Short-term soil experiments showed no difference in root growth for most of the accessions containing the 21 bp insertion and T or G-1,198. In contrast, genotypes showing both the 21 bp deletion and G-1,198, with one of them having the 1 kb insertion, showed greater root growth. These results indicate that the SNP was not advantageous or deleterious when genotypes from the same haplotype were compared. The occurrence of the SNP was highly correlated with the 21 bp insertion/deletion that, together with the 1 kb insertion, explained most of the barley tolerance to acidic soil.

2.
Ciênc. rural ; 41(5): 828-833, May 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-590079

ABSTRACT

Populações duplo-haplóides apresentam especial vantagem para análises genéticas, uma vez que a informação que elas oferecem pode ser maximizada, devido ao fato que todos os locos encontram-se em homozigose. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de duas populações duplo-haplóides (DHs) de cevada (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare L.) segregantes para a atividade das enzimas (1-3, 1-4)-β-glucanases, através da técnica de cultura de anteras. Foram realizados dois cruzamentos com cultivares contrastantes para esta característica. As cultivares parentais selecionadas foram 'MN 698' e 'CEV 97047', para o desenvolvimento da população "malte verde" (MV), e 'Embrapa 127' e 'CEV 96025' para o desenvolvimento da população "malte seco" (MS). Foram cultivadas 10.734 anteras da população MS e 4.139 anteras da população MV. A população MV produziu 50 por cento mais plântulas verdes quando comparada à população MS, refletindo a importância do genótipo na resposta à cultura de anteras e na regeneração. A maioria das plantas adultas duplo-haplóides foi obtida através da duplicação espontânea in vitro do genoma haplóide, ocorrendo em 66 por cento das plantas da população MS e 76 por cento das plantas da população MV. Também foram observadas, em menor frequência, plantas haplóides, triplóides e tetraplóides. Através da técnica de cultura de anteras, foram desenvolvidas 204 linhagens duplo-haplóides, das quais 72 linhagens são da população "malte seco" e 132 linhagens são da população "malte verde". Este material constitui um importante germoplasma para o melhoramento genético da cevada.


Doubled haploid populations offer special advantages in genetic analyses, since the information they provide may be maximized due to the fact that all loci are homozygous. The aim of this study was to develop two barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp.vulgare L.) doubled-haploid (DHs) populations segregating to (1-3, 1-4)-β-glucanases activity, utilizing the anther culture protocol. Two crosses were performed with contrasting cultivars to (1-3, 1-4)-β-glucanases activity. Parental cultivars used were 'MN 698' and 'CEV 97047' for the development of 'green malt' population (MV) and Embrapa 127 and 'CEV 96025' for the development of "dry malt" population (MS). For the MS and MV populations, 10,734 and 4,139 anthers were cultured, respectively. MV population produced 50 percent more green seedlings as compared to MS population, which reflects the importance of genotype to the culturing of anthers and to regeneration. Most doubled-haploid adult plants were obtained by in vitro spontaneous duplication of the haploid genome, which occurred in 66 percent of plants from the MS population and 76 percent of plants from the MV population. Haploid, triploid and tetraploid individuals were also observed, though at low frequencies. The anther culture protocol afforded to develop 204 double-haploid lineages, of which 72 were generated by the 'dry malt' population and 132 from the "green malt" population. This material should be considered as important germplasm for barley genetic improvement.

3.
Ciênc. rural ; 38(1): 240-242, jan.-fev. 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-470020

ABSTRACT

The development of in vitro haploid plants followed by spontaneous or induced genome duplication allows to achieve, in one generation, the recovery of total homozygosis. The efficiency of the haplodiploidization process through in vitro anther culture of barley is variable among genotypes. This study was aimed at determining the androgenetic response of nine barley genotypes from the breeding program of Embrapa Trigo, analysing proembryoid development and green plantlets regeneration in anthers cultivated in vitro. Cultivar 'BR2' presented the highest average of proembryoids (104/anther) and 'MN698' presented the highest average of green plantlets (0,41/anther). There was a significant variation among the average values of barley genotypes for embryo formation and green plantlets regeneration, making possible the selection to combine androgenetic capacity and good agronomic traits.


A obtenção, na cevada, de plantas haplóides in vitro e a posterior duplicação natural ou artificial do genoma permitem alcançar a homozigose completa, em uma geração. A eficiência da haplodiploidização pela cultura de anteras é variável entre os genótipos. Foi avaliada a resposta androgenética através da formação de pró-embrióides e da regeneração de plântulas verdes em nove cultivares do programa de melhoramento de cevada da Embrapa Trigo, em anteras cultivadas in vitro. A cultivar "BR2" apresentou maior média de pró-embrióides (104/antera), enquanto "MN698" mostrou a maior média de plântulas verdes (0,41/antera). Houve variação significativa entre os valores médios dos genótipos em relação à formação de pró-embrióides e à regeneração de plântulas verdes, indicando a possibilidade de seleção para combinar a capacidade androgenética com boas características agronômicas.

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